Addressing India's Looming Water Crisis: What is the Current Status of Water Availability and Water Stress Level in India?

Water Crisis:

The looming water crisis driven by various factors from deforestation and overexploitation to climate change will cost 14.34% of India's GDP by 2050, the latest report of the Global Commission on Economics of Water (GCEW) warned, noting that globally.

A recent report by the Global Commission on the Economics of Water warns of a global water crisis, with demand projected to exceed supply by 40% by 2030, threatening food production and economies. For India, already grappling with inter-state water disputes and conservation challenges, this report underscores the urgent need for decisive policy reforms to address water stress. 



Current Status of Availability: 

The average annual per capita water availability in India has declined from 1,816 cubic meters in 2001 to 1,545 cubic meters based on the 2011 census. Projections by the Central Water Commission indicate further decreases to 1,434 cubic meters by 2025 and 1,219 cubic meters by 2050. 

Water Stress Indicators: 

Annual per capita water availability below 1,700 cubic meters signifies water stress, while below 1,000 cubic meters indicates water scarcity. As of now, India is experiencing water stress, with geographic and climatic variability causing regional disparities. 

Policies need to be rehauled:

The current policies have failed to protect water as a resource. Among the major drivers of decline in TWS is the overexploitation, aridity, groundwater depletion on the one hand and deforestation for non-forest use, including agriculture that in turn depletes water, climate change and other factors were worsening the condition.

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